Metrics Free Essays

The consistent extension in the administrations business, especially in lodging and eatery the board, had brought supervisors and entrepreneurs whose claim to fame is offering support arranged fields to gain reasonable and profundity understanding about the business. Overwhelmingly in the business, giving solid and client inviting administrations, is of high worry to give the two clients and associations desires commonly. What's more, despite everything developing, further refined specialized oversight must be rehearsed to exceed expectations and addition in the opposition. We will compose a custom paper test on Measurements or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Advancement is the key concentration to exceed expectations in the business. Using administration the board for appropriate dealing with and conveyance of administrations is the perspective which the administrations business must set a need in their regions of worry for advancement and company’s development †remembering ventures for social insurance, food providers, makers and providers, the travel industry and money related administrations. Associations must set the distinction between the possibility of consumer loyalty and administration of value rendered to customers. Albeit once in a while thought about equivocal, a particular mark is necessitated that will disconnect these significant elements with respects in offering types of assistance of which assumed as one. Both are corresponded as far as modern needs however unique. Clients may fluctuate on each association to which they give their items, be of administrations or merchandise, by some instrument adequate in the industry’s commercial center. Obviously, overcoming the opposition in the market is another undertaking which association needs center. Consumer loyalty is a business term which is utilized to catch estimating how fulfilled an enterprise’s clients are with the organization’s endeavors in a commercial center (Wikipedia, 2006). Once customer’s desires are surpassed, the association will accomplish significant levels of consumer loyalty and will make â€Å"customer delight.†Ã¢ This infers association must have the capacity to satisfy the consumers’ needs through business, passionate and mental perspectives. The collaboration between the specialist co-op and the beneficiary, which are the clients, must not be out of gear to appropriately quantify the degree of fulfillment. Appropriate mentality in managing shifted clients ought to be thought of; knowing their perspectives, inputs or honors can contribute in deciding the organization’s showcasing procedures. Fundamentally, associations point is to hold clients in belittling their administrations offered and the objective of expanding the quantity of faithful clients and in the long run expanding the organization’s incomes. Despite the fact that consumer loyalty may fluctuate from client to-client, it is essential to consider that physical and mental qualities which play a significant factor in estimating the degree where clients fulfill with the organization’s administrations. Relatively, the customer’s desire can be assessed with the customer’s experience earlier pertinent to the administrations the association conveys. Association must consider that fulfillment isn't quantitatively estimated since it is to a greater extent a mental angle; it is a greater amount of the subjective. What's more, administration of value will be currently estimated. Ordinarily, clients characterize ‘quality’ as they are met by their discernment and experience. This is the degree or level of customer’s fulfillment with the administrations or items an association offers conditionally to the earth and the sort of administration given. It is hard to comply with the desires for the clients needs with the level they require concerning productivity, quality, adaptability, and trustworthiness to the administrations conveyed. To accomplish this, Total Quality Management (TQM) is applied. TQM is the executives reasoning focused on an emphasis on consistent enhancements of item and administrations with the inclusion of the whole workforce. This rule is a drawn out procedure to support business greatness and the completely and ceaselessly contribution of all association capacities. Through this strategy, association would now be able to have the sufficient information where the error has been made and will consider as components. These variables are then submitted into assortment of estimations, ordinarily the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) and Attribution Based Method (ABM). Basic Incident Technique (CIT) is utilized for gathering direct perception from customers’ involvement with connection to the administrations or items the association gives. This is an adaptable technique which depends on deciding and inspecting the gathered data from the members. Information are then submitted for reality finding to decide the issues experienced. Assessment is followed to discover arrangements and resolve the raised issues to cause no further issue. The establishment of this method was laid by the investigations of Sir Francis Galton (around 1930). This strategy can likewise stay away from the generalization sentiments about the association. This strategy is a greater amount of scholarly since it utilize the subjective exploration method.â Identifying atypical occasions that might be missed by different strategies can be disposed of utilizing this procedure. Additionally, this is costly and gives rich data expected to reality discovering identified with the issues. Inconvenience to this is the data gathered depends for the most part on memory; occasions might be off base or may even go unreported. Attribution Base Methods (ATM) centers around hazard and execution with an immediate spotlight on measures of administration. Utilizing this strategies, association conceptualize the administration or item should survive from standard or of more significant level. Meaning to hold steadfast clients and acquiring a number, recommend that normal increase of expectations is made to meet diverse desire level among clients. Association expects to have the nature of exceeding expectations; having great benefits in serious extent. Some association utilizes the consumer loyalty overview strategy. This is a productive and least demanding approach to quantify administration quality which might be seen as effortless. Acquiring customers’ input guarantees business is addressing the requirements of clients and giving bits of knowledge on which angles needs improvement where changes ought to be made to increment customers’ generally fulfillment with respect to quality help. Absence of accumulated subtleties during the study may mess some up in estimating the connection of issues to the elements in question. SERVQUAL (Service Quality), got from LODGSERV, is a technique created by Valarie A. Zeithaml, A. Parasuraman, and Leonard L. Berry. This method is utilized in accomplishing hole investigation in an association to measure its administration quality develop execution against client care quality needs. Essentially, this technique is utilized to improve administration quality when deficiencies are recognized to the administration or item client gets. Utilizing this strategy requests to show the disparity between customer’s desire and customer’s discernment, both must be offered an explanation to gauge the customer’s demeanor towards an assistance advertised. This technique contains 5 key measurements; physical assets, dependability, responsiveness, confirmation and sympathy. In the friendliness business, it is important to do a subjective report. In social insurance, SERVQUAL is utilized in deciding issues between the executives, staff and the administrations offered to take care of reasonable issues. This might be considered as a scholastic strategy as it utilizes proficient reviews. Furthermore, this furnishes evaluation with the ideal and genuine exhibition; augment administration quality while costs are controlled. Remark box or card and review questions can be utilized, normally present in many foundations particularly in lodgings, eateries and other adjusting field. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) program can likewise be utilized to gauge quality confirmation. Especially, ISO 9000 family offers associations with quality affirmation looking for advantage through the usage of a quality administration framework. The normal idea of client to an association (like lodgings, facilities, clinical establishment and the related) which obtained an ISO accreditation similarly conveys their ideal help quality †desire and the certainty of client are at serious extent. With that, the administration business is resolved to buy in ISO administration to get the affirmation. Like ISO, EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) was created pointing administration quality greatness driving associations to be progressively serious. There are numerous methodologies in accomplishing reasonable greatness in all parts of execution. Both convey reasonable investigation to associations looking for appraisal with respect to their degree of greatness to convey customer’s needs and desires. Bearing the positive effect on likely clients, the association must keep up their greatness or even increment administration quality. Still at high need, Total Quality Management (TQM), help associations to support customer’s quality fulfillment. The administration and workers must be associated with the nonstop improvement of items and administrations advertised. Consolidating quality and the executives strategies, TQM stays an important device for associations in accomplishing points of expanding business and limiting misfortune. Persistent improvement must arrangement with improving outcomes, yet more significantly with improving abilities to deliver better outcomes later on. Inspecting the different philosophies talked about may appear to be practically equivalent to. Their fundamental object is to assist association with accomplishing the point of conveying amazing administrations and items with legitimate administration. In the antagonistic vibe industry, it is prudent to know the desires and needs of client to hold steadfast clients and pull in professional

Infectious Disease

* What is the irresistible specialist (pathogen) that causes this irresistible infection? For instance, the name of the microorganisms, infection, or parasite. Hepatitis A will be an infectious liver ailment that originates from the Hepatitis An infection (HAV). There isn’t a treatment for the ailment once you get it. How is this irresistible specialist transmitted through food or water? Hepatitis An is contracted from eating food and drinking water tainted with human defecation. Eating crude and half-cooked fish that was in tainted waters add to the ailment. In some cases eating crude produce that have been sullied can likewise cause the ailment. Nourishments that have been hanging out noticeable all around and have had microorganisms development on it and eaten additionally add to the infection. * What is a case of a genuine episode of this foodborne disease in the United States? * What are the clinical side effects, span of the sickness, and treatment assuming any? During Hepatitis An a few indications of the infection are fever, exhaustion, loss of craving, queasiness, retching, stomach torment, dull pee, earth hued defecations and joint torment. In 70% of the cases Jaudice is the most widely recognized side effect. Side effects can last as long as 2 months. The normal time of hatching is 28 days. When contracted, there is no treatment. The individual has the ailment to run its course. * What steps can be taken to forestall further episodes? Incorporate individual just as natural insurances and strategies. To forestall further episodes, individuals ought to have great cleanliness including wash their hands regularly particularly when they manage food arrangement. There has additionally been an inoculation made for Hepatitis A that is given to youngsters between their first and second birthday celebration. Others that ought to get immunized are men engaging in sexual relations with men, individuals making a trip to Central and Southern America, Mexico, Asia (aside from Japan), Africa and eastern Europe and individuals that utilization road drugs. When you are insusceptible to Hepatitis A you can’t get it once more. To forestall the spread of Hepatitis An in water, chlorine is added to the water in US.

Shannon Liegh Wynne Free Essays

Shannon Leigh Wynne Advanced Placement United States History Mr. Ed Forte 1 December 2010 To America: Personal Reflections of a Historian by Stephen Ambrose versus Falsehoods My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong by James W. We will compose a custom exposition test on Shannon Liegh Wynne or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Loewen History can be deciphered from numerous points of view, and has been, by a wide range of individuals, who all have various perspectives on legislative issues and financial aspects. A few creators attempt to change the audience’s conclusions, some attempt to upgrade them. Writers have various purposes for composing, various predispositions and thoughts, diverse research and documentation too. Falsehoods My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong by James W. Loewen and To America: Personal Reflections by a Historian by Stephen Ambrose are ideal instances of two altogether different books about basically a similar subject. While Loewen is a democrat, and Ambrose is a republican, not exclusively are their ways of thinking and thoughts extraordinary, the creators present the thoughts in entirely unexpected designs and in view of various crowds. James W. Loewen and Stephen E. Ambrose have two unmistakably unique composing styles, political inclinations and purposes when composing. Loewen’s Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong is fair, liberal, and written in reading material style composing. Interestingly, Stephen Ambrose’s book, America: Personal Reflections by a Historian, is republican, traditionalist and composed with individual accounts and a warm tone, as though a granddad was revealing to you the narratives. In Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong, Loewen introduced a ton of new, astonishing, data on notable subjects. These new realities should influence the reader’s assessment regarding the matter being introduced based on what is mainstream to accept, to what is the â€Å"real† truth. Loewen introduced astonishing realities about Helen Keller and her political inclinations, Christopher Columbus and who really found America, and how a few reading material are have concealed bigotry and antiracism inside the book. America: Personal Reflections by a Historian was composed to remark on history and certain occasions, and the author’s encounters finding out about them. The two books center around specific occasions, or limited subjects, however every section is a totally new subject. Ambrose contributes his own encounters and sentiments on subjects like Ulysses S. Award and the Transcontinental Railroad, which the realities are provided by the creator himself, the author’s coaches, and different well known messages and records. Most proof for Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong is found in records, for example, paper articles, from both current occasions and chronicled materials, just as books. The data is archived in the rear of the book in Notes by the writer alongside clarifications for the utilization of certain expressions and words. Loewen utilizes numerous auxiliary sources, for example, course books and examinations. Most proof from America: Personal Reflections by a Historian is additionally a great deal of optional sources, yet numerous essential sources too. Ambrose educates numerous individual accounts concerning the subject and numerous feelings and stories his guides and educators imparted to him. James Loewen and Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong have a totally unexpected reason in comparison to America: Personal Reflections by a Historian, by Stephen Ambrose, however the two books have covering documentation and research. Both America: Personal Reflections by a Historian and Lies my Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong are introduced in a to some degree legitimate way, however in various ways. James W. Loewen composed his book by concentrating on one subject for a whole section and afterward proceeding onward to the following subject and another part. He had the subjects go in sequential request and incorporates numerous photos, diagrams and charts to support the peruser, and are very much separated and set all through the book. There was no hole in any data in Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong, yet there was a plenty of reiteration. Loewen nearly went around and around, clarifying something very similar over, and over, in marginally various ways each time he secured a subject. Conversely, Stephen Ambrose structured America: Personal Reflections by a Historian to stream with the manner in which his brain spilled out of thought to thought. The parts, which likewise center around one subject for every section, except don't go in sequential request. For example, one section is entitled â€Å"Writing about Men in real life, 1992-2001† and a few parts after comes â€Å"Women’s Rights and Immigration†. Additionally, every section isn't carefully about a verifiable subject, some emphasis on his own life and encounters that have to do with history. One more part is titled â€Å"Writing about Nixon† which portrays his time while he was inquiring about and composing his memoir about President Nixon. Stephen Ambrose composed as considerations entered his head, not in a course of events or anything, similar to a reading material. Ambrose doesn't utilize any visual assistants in America: Personal Reflections by a Historian, however his words compensate for the nonappearance of pictures since he portrays things so vividly, vigorously, and with extraordinary consideration and feeling. These two books are both efficient, however are altogether different in their association and design when all is said in done. The purposes of America: Personal Reflections by a Historian and Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong are nearly as various as history audits can get. Stephen Ambrose’s book was intended to clarify chronicled figures and occasions and develop the manner in which Americans as of now feel regarding the matter. His article was not to lessen or change the reader’s see regarding the matter, similar to James Loewen did, just elevate it. James W. In the section in America: Personal Reflections by a Historian about President Ulysses S. Award, he takes the great picture of the war saint, and improved it, with obscure accounts of his enormity. Loewen’s reason when composing Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong was to change the reader’s assessment regarding the matter that he was discussing at that point. For instance, a great many people consider Helen To be as a saint or as fearless, in light of the fact that she defeated her inabilities to help other people with a similar incapacity to work in the public eye. Loewen educated the perusers just a bit of concerning her achievements about that yet spent the remainder of the section informing all regarding her political perspectives and profession as a communist and how she publically bolstered Russia in its new organization as a socialist country. Any individual who peruses this book can't resist the opportunity to feel swindled both my James Loewen for destroying a decent symbol and good example, and at different antiquarians and reading material for not telling every bit of relevant information. He additionally tells the perusers that Christopher Columbus was a criminal and a terrible individual and that he doesn’t have the right to be broadly celebrated. Both Helen Keller and Christopher Columbus are turned upward to by numerous individuals, particularly youngsters, who are just at school to get familiar with the letter set and how to share, however Loewen is embarking to demolish all the little traveler and Christopher Columbus books for them, and he approves of that. He needs people in general to know reality, and that merits everything to him. America: Personal Reflections by a Historian is basically supporting America’s friends and family, and Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong is killing them. Prior to his demise in 2002, Stephen Ambrose was a well known biographer and history specialist. He was likewise an educator or instructed at the University of New Orleans, Kansas State University, Johns Hopkins University, Rutgers University, U. C. Berkeley, and some European schools. He was coached by some exceptionally acclaimed more established antiquarians too, however he constantly shaped his own conclusion regarding the matter he was being tutored on, regardless of whether he didn't concur with his guide. Ambrose was unquestionably a republican, and added his republican perspectives during numerous pieces of America: Personal Reflections by a Historian, and he has likewise distributed histories of Presidents Nixon and Eisenhower, just as Emory Upton and Henry Halleck. James W. Loewen is extremely liberal, and it appears in Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. James Loewen has a PHD in human science from Harvard, co-created a U. S. history course reading called Mississippi: Conflict and Change , which won the Lillian Smith Award, and has likewise instructed at The Catholic University of America, The University of Vermont, and Tougaloo College. When composing Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong, Loewen contemplates and remained at the Smithsonian Institution, where he shaped his assessment that no reading material leaves a mark on the world intriguing or even archives it accurately. Loewen has composed an all out eight books, practically the entirety of a similar style composing; liberal and definitive. The target group for both America: Personal Reflections by a Historian and Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong was an individual or understudy with a general information on history by and large and a standard thought of numerous segments and occasions, who is happy to learn and acknowledge new realities about these parts and occasions. The language is that of an informed grown-up or youthful grown-up, so understudies and working individuals the same could comprehend and identify with the book and writer. Falsehoods My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong is to a greater extent a student’s book, since it centers around h

Social Stratification and its Perspectives Functionalism - 1650 Words

Social Stratification and its Perspectives: Functionalism (Term Paper Sample) Content: Social Stratification and its PerspectivesNameCourse TitleInstitutionIntroductionVarious societies around the globe strive to organize themselves in a way the best suits their productivity and work requirements. Social stratification involves the study of how societies are classified as regards to caste, class, status or privileges. Societal responsibilities influence an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s position and ability to achieve various aspirations meant for work mobility. Social stratification and mobility are necessary for ensuring a healthy and peaceful society. One would be only motivated to work hard if there is a force behind it, and this is the role that classification plays in society. Society can achieve social stratification in three significant ways; this paper discusses the perspectives.Social Stratification PerspectivesCompetitive labor markets, professional sports, industrial jobs and all other activities that aim at increasing productivity require social cl assification to achieve its goals. Division of labor at places of work helps in making stratification, through which opportunities and rewards that promote quality production arise (McLeod, 2013). Categorization of stratification is not very easy since any system is a combination of its external and internal conditions. For example, the ability to attain a given rank in an organization may be influenced by specialization or availability of such opportunities (Little, 2014). Social stratification may be discussed in three ways (perspectives):FunctionalismFunctionalism is a perspective of sociology that focuses on the operations of various organs of society (Harcourt, 2016). Functionalists argue that different parts of society play a significant role in society organization and service. Indeed, the organization serves its members in a better way experiences bigger rewards for the services it offers to the citizens. Theorists explain that social stratification should have a basis of th e value that different services add to the society so that those whose duties directly influences the general productivity are rewarded accordingly because their tasks are more valuable as those who perform lighter jobs also get a proportionate share. According to Little (2014), jobs such as fire extinguishing are more valuable than, for example, a secretariat position in a warehouse. A Higher value is because the level of training required for fire-fighting is superior to that of a secretary. People would, therefore, be motivated to go to such positions if better incentives and remuneration exists.Functionalist suggests that rewards based on skills, training, prestige, and power play a significant role in ensuring that productivity and mobility come through hard work and persistence (McLeod, 2013). The importance of a given job opportunity in society is dependent on the level of training and skill required. Jobs with fewer qualified people are the most important and the highly diff icult to meet. For instance, jobs such as cleaning offices can be done almost everybody and; therefore, many applicants would always turn up in case such opportunities arises. However, other jobs like engineering and architecture require proper training and skills, and, therefore, fewer people are available.According to functional perspective, the bond of social consensus exists in the society, and such bonds ensure that common goals are set up in place, and then people cohesively work towards achieving them. According to Little (2014), social cohesion comes in two ways. Firstly, members of the society agree with similar values and beliefs, then work together in solidarity towards ensuring that such values are upheld, this is very common in traditional societies where people associate failure to obey the norms with severe punishments and other dire consequences. Secondly, cohesion can also exist through interdependence, whereby, people appreciate various values, but work together to wards achieving a common goal in the society (McLeod, 2013). In this case, cohesion works best in civilized societies and metropolitan areas where members are obliged to coexist with others from a different socio-cultural background.In America, functionalism was discovered in 1940à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s when it was first manifested regarding human behavior. During this time, human functions were classified into two: Those that are intentional and obvious, as well as those that are unintentional and non-obvious. Designing duties in functionalisms must take place in such a way that sociological approach is visible. Intentional and unintentional functions show a clear outline of the roles of different components of the society.The theory of functionalism also has hiccups, as it cannot explain the reasons why other people such as comedians and journalists that run shows become wealthy and famous yet they undergo a similar level of training as their counterparts in other professions. Those who chal lenge the theory of functionalism have found grounds on this to oppose the theory. Functionalism does not take into consideration the disparities that exist in societies regarding gender, accessibility of educational facilities, or race.Indeed, people who are not privileged to access to access engineering training institutions, for example, cannot become engineers, however, gifted they may be (Leonard, 2015). Critics also cite failure to appreciate negative functions like divorce, social stratification according to this perspective fails to recognize initiatives that lead to beneficial changes in social environment. However, social stratification is imperative since it promotes excellence by encouraging to people work harder to acquire certain classes that exist in the society.Conflict PerspectiveConflict theory is a development of class struggles that were initially presented by the sociologist Carl Marx. The writings on class struggles laid emphasis on the contribution of society towards its stability. In contrast, conflict theory focusses on the negative aspects of society like the changes that create new conflicts (Harcourt, 2016). Conflict theorists encourage social change that can lead to instability and variation of status quo in the society. Also, those are believed to be wealthy, or have political power force social order on the less fortunate and those from humble economic backgrounds (Leonard, 2015). Conflict theorists, for instance, would formulate policies that lead to higher charges in social institutions like schools, without taking into consideration the fact that such the institutions are also meant to serve those who are less fortunate.In early 1940à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s functionalism was preferred to conflict theory. However, this changed in 1960à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s when observation revealed that some sociologists gave major considerations to this perspective. Change of interest also leads to expansion of Karl Marxà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s concept of economic conflicts. A ccording to Little (2014), it is evident in the modern society, inequality do exist. People in different social classes will always differ in the way they articulate and present their ideologies regarding similar issues. The difference in opinions then causes a passive or active conflict, and the final result is an ever-changing society.The advocators of conflict theory are opposed to social stratification as they argue that beneficiaries are just but a few, and not the whole community (Harcourt, 2016). Conflict theorists are also against the idea of bridging the gap between income earners. Critical sociologist asserts that equality concerning pay gives the corporate elites an opportunity to award themselves huge amounts of dollars in the form of bonuses and salaries (Leonard, 2015). Cooperate elites do not work harder to warrant them such earnings.Even though working conditions have improved in the modern society, there is still a lack of good working relationships between the empl oyers and the employees (Littles, 2014). Equality does not exist in workplaces, as the means of production is still under the control of the cooperate elites who do a little but earn a lot. A political system that is neoliberal also provides a conducive environment for the rich to remain even more prosperous as the poor serve their interests.Symbolic InteractionismSymbolic interaction uses peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s daily interactions to generalize the behaviour of society. Social interactionism focuses on the minor issues that people do to study stratification and then use the analysis to determine how social affiliati...

The Calling of Katie Makanya Essay - 889 Words

The Calling of Katie Makanya Around the time of Katie Makanya’s childhood, South Africa was beginning to change rapidly due to the discovery of diamonds, which ultimately kept bringing Europeans into their territory causing their cultures and race to blend together. This book illustrates the black South African life that Katie lives and how she uneasily adapts to the incoming European culture during those years of colonization. Although Katie was brought up with a strong sense of her native culture we see that in the beginning of the book Katie seems to be curious of what European culture is like. Katie and her sister get the opportunity the visit England to perform in their choir, The Jubilees. Before her departure Katie was excited†¦show more content†¦At first there were only minor things of western culture that did not appeal to Katie, but after being colonized the major issues she did have were segregation, white racism and how Europeans turned her people into industrial wage workers to keep up with the growing effects of colonialism. After being sent away to go live with her aunt, Katie knew that she had to go find work by basically being someone’s slave. She didn’t like the fact that she had to take orders from the white man’s wife and be at her beck and call. These new aspects of western culture were forced down her throat but they were definitely ones that she rejected and would not have them as part of her life. As the book goes into more detail we do start to see some aspects of European culture that Katie does accept. For example, she still remains true to Christian faith, which is a major part of western culture. She shows that she has adopted the ways of European marriage traditions/customs. Her Auntie wanted her to marry in her white gown that he had previously worn in her choir, but Katie only wanted her wedding to be like â€Å"the English girl in the City Temple in London† (McCord pg. 112). Instead of listening to Auntie, Katie had her own dress made out of white watered silk. She had bridesmaids, a bouquet of flowers and a wedding cake, all European style. In her later years, Katie also was willing to learn the techniques of modern medicine when she became a nurse, in which IShow MoreRelated Traditional Health Care Practices in Africa1583 Words   |  7 Pagesorder to become a sangoma, one must receive a calling. The symptoms of this calling appear as mental illness, but only a trained sangoma can identify them as a matter of weeks to ten years. Upon completing and paying for the training, the individual may become a practicing sangoma. This calling comes from the spirits of ancestors. It occurs most often in women. Approximately 90% of sangoma are female. A person called to be a sangoma who ignores the calling, infuriates the ancestral spirits, who cause

A Pyramid Of Leadership Success - 1703 Words

A Pyramid of Leadership Success in Nursing The trait theory of leadership supports the claim that some people are endowed with certain characteristics that make them more capable of being a good leader than others (Zaccaro, 2007). The difference between someone who is a great leader from someone who is a good leader is the possession of certain qualities that help establish a strong sense of leadership. One of the greatest leaders known in the sports world is John Wooden, a basketball player, and coach of the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Bruins. John Wooden led his team to ten national championships, seven of which were in consecutive years, four perfect seasons, and set the all-time record of 88 consecutive victories. While at UCLA he established the Pyramid of Success, which consists of 15 qualities that he implemented while coaching, as well as instilling them into the work ethic of his players. By integrating the qualities of the Pyramid of Success along with trait theory, it becomes clear that traits do matter when it comes to being a successful person, as well a nurse leader. Although there are many qualities within the pyramid, the ones that apply the most to nursing are loyalty, friendship, cooperation, alertness, and initiative. History and Major Concepts The history of trait theory has†¦(still working on this part). The leadership traits that are involved in trait theory can be defined as relatively coherent and integrated patterns of personalShow MoreRelatedA Pyramid Of Leadership Success1703 Words   |  7 PagesA Pyramid of Leadership Success in Nursing The trait theory of leadership supports the claim that some people are endowed with certain characteristics that make them more capable of being a good leader than others (Zaccaro, 2007). The difference between someone who is a great leader from someone who is a good leader is the possession of certain qualities that help establish a strong sense of leadership. One of the greatest leaders known in the sports world is John Wooden, a basketball player, andRead MoreA Pyramid Of Leadership Success1650 Words   |  7 PagesA Pyramid of Leadership Success in Nursing Becoming a good leader takes a special type of person. People who want to become a good leader not only have to have the will to take on the job, but they need to have certain traits and qualities that are characteristic of a good leader. The trait theory of leadership supports the claim that some people are endowed with certain characteristics that make them more capable of being a good leader than others. Many leaders and researchers have come up withRead MoreJohn Wooden On Leadership And The Woodens Pyramid Of Success1442 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Leadership is an action of leading a group of people or an organization. For the purpose of the report, I will be looking at John Wooden on leadership and the Wooden’s Pyramid of Success. I will be reflecting on how the Wooden’s philosophy of what leadership should be relates to today’s business environment. I will be discussing the pyramid of success, looking at various building blocks and see how that holds together and how it can help anyone to achieve whatever they want to achieveRead MoreThe Trait Theory Of Leadership1739 Words   |  7 Pagestheory of leadership supports the claim that some people are endowed with certain characteristics that make them more capable of being a good leader than others (Zaccaro, 2007). Trait theory can be defined as the range of qualities that can consistently differentiate a non-leader from someone who is an effective leader (Zaccaro, 2007). The difference between someone who is a great leader and someone who is a good leade r is the possession of certain qualities that help establish strong leadership. OneRead MoreWhich Wooden s Pyramid Of Success Fits Today s Business Environment1400 Words   |  6 Pages John Wooden’s Pyramid of Success BUS 518: Project Management Leadership Gregory C. Hyde, Jr. Professor Paul Richardson July 31, 2016 The extent to which Wooden’s pyramid of success fits today’s business environment Touching on some key tenets of his pyramid of success, he provides what is ideal, what if followed would lead to great success. The pyramid ideals don’t really aptly fit in today’s business environment. Most of the timesRead MoreWhich Wooden s Pyramid Of Success Fits Today s Business Environment1400 Words   |  6 Pages John Wooden’s Pyramid of Success BUS 518: Project Management Leadership Gregory C. Hyde, Jr. Professor Paul Richardson July 31, 2016 The extent to which Wooden’s pyramid of success fits today’s business environment Touching on some key tenets of his pyramid of success, he provides what is ideal, what if followed would lead to great success. The pyramid ideals don’t really aptly fit in today’s business environment. Most of theRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian Civilization And The Egyptian Pyramids1405 Words   |  6 Pagesthese thousands of years, the Pharaohs and their people were able to build structures of massive scale that rival the buildings built in the 21st century. The Egyptian Pyramids were not only massive, but they had extremely precise measurements that make them unfathomably impressive to anyone who understands the exactness of the pyramids. The accomplishment to be a nation that lasted that long while having societal ingenuity is yet to be seen by another. There were key aspects and advances that the EgyptiansRead MoreOrganizational Change And Development Has A Large Impact On The Success Of An Organization1484 Words   |  6 Pagesimpact on the success of an organizat ion. â€Å"As modern organizations pursue changes to enhance their competitive positions and their survivability in competitive markets, the successful implementation of organizational change has become an important management task† (Chou, 2014, p. 49). The success of a change initiative in an organization is affected by several variables, however, there are three that might be considered paramount; communication, leadership, and culture. Leadership must be cognizantRead MoreDr. Ricketson : Rethinking Leading For Organizational Physical Structure1149 Words   |  5 PagesApril stated, according to Dr. Ricketson, everything does not rise and fall on leadership. However, April continued, Ricketson did proved his point with regard to organizational physical structure, there is still skepticism on her part, in regards to whether this is comparable and or transferrable to the living organism of the church. It is this reader’s observation that the illustration, given by Ric ketson was clear to understand according to its purpose. It allowed one to notice how there is noRead MoreThe Human Resource Management Procedures1467 Words   |  6 Pageswill discuss the organisational culture and structure, the human resource management procedures, the leadership styles and motivation techniques used within the department. First section will highlight the values, strategy, administration and academic structure. The next section will focus on the human resource management processes. The third part will explore the department’s type of leadership and motivation theory. IA was created in 1980 and was called English language teaching centre. It was A Pyramid Of Leadership Success - 1703 Words A Pyramid of Leadership Success in Nursing The trait theory of leadership supports the claim that some people are endowed with certain characteristics that make them more capable of being a good leader than others (Zaccaro, 2007). The difference between someone who is a great leader from someone who is a good leader is the possession of certain qualities that help establish a strong sense of leadership. One of the greatest leaders known in the sports world is John Wooden, a basketball player, and coach of the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Bruins. John Wooden led his team to ten national championships, seven of which were in consecutive years, four perfect seasons, and set the all-time record of 88 consecutive victories. While at UCLA he established the Pyramid of Success, which consists of 15 qualities that he implemented while coaching, as well as instilling them into the work ethic of his players. By integrating the qualities of the Pyramid of Success along with trait theory, it becomes clear that traits do matter when it comes to being a successful person, as well a nurse leader. Although there are many qualities within the pyramid, the ones that apply the most to nursing are loyalty, friendship, cooperation, alertness, and initiative. History and Major Concepts The history of trait theory has†¦(still working on this part). The leadership traits that are involved in trait theory can be defined as relatively coherent and integrated patterns of personalShow MoreRelatedA Pyramid Of Leadership Success1650 Words   |  7 PagesA Pyramid of Leadership Success in Nursing Becoming a good leader takes a special type of person. People who want to become a good leader not only have to have the will to take on the job, but they need to have certain traits and qualities that are characteristic of a good leader. The trait theory of leadership supports the claim that some people are endowed with certain characteristics that make them more capable of being a good leader than others. Many leaders and researchers have come up withRead MoreA Pyramid Of Leadership Success1703 Words   |  7 PagesA Pyramid of Leadership Success in Nursing The trait theory of leadership supports the claim that some people are endowed with certain characteristics that make them more capable of being a good leader than others (Zaccaro, 2007). The difference between someone who is a great leader from someone who is a good leader is the possession of certain qualities that help establish a strong sense of leadership. One of the greatest leaders known in the sports world is John Wooden, a basketball player, andRead MoreJohn Wooden On Leadership And The Woodens Pyramid Of Success1442 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Leadership is an action of leading a group of people or an organization. For the purpose of the report, I will be looking at John Wooden on leadership and the Wooden’s Pyramid of Success. I will be reflecting on how the Wooden’s philosophy of what leadership should be relates to today’s business environment. I will be discussing the pyramid of success, looking at various building blocks and see how that holds together and how it can help anyone to achieve whatever they want to achieveRead MoreThe Trait Theory Of Leadership1739 Words   |  7 Pagestheory of leadership supports the claim that some people are endowed with certain characteristics that make them more capable of being a good leader than others (Zaccaro, 2007). Trait theory can be defined as the range of qualities that can consistently differentiate a non-leader from someone who is an effective leader (Zaccaro, 2007). The difference between someone who is a great leader and someone who is a good leade r is the possession of certain qualities that help establish strong leadership. OneRead MoreWhich Wooden s Pyramid Of Success Fits Today s Business Environment1400 Words   |  6 Pages John Wooden’s Pyramid of Success BUS 518: Project Management Leadership Gregory C. Hyde, Jr. Professor Paul Richardson July 31, 2016 The extent to which Wooden’s pyramid of success fits today’s business environment Touching on some key tenets of his pyramid of success, he provides what is ideal, what if followed would lead to great success. The pyramid ideals don’t really aptly fit in today’s business environment. Most of the timesRead MoreWhich Wooden s Pyramid Of Success Fits Today s Business Environment1400 Words   |  6 Pages John Wooden’s Pyramid of Success BUS 518: Project Management Leadership Gregory C. Hyde, Jr. Professor Paul Richardson July 31, 2016 The extent to which Wooden’s pyramid of success fits today’s business environment Touching on some key tenets of his pyramid of success, he provides what is ideal, what if followed would lead to great success. The pyramid ideals don’t really aptly fit in today’s business environment. Most of theRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian Civilization And The Egyptian Pyramids1405 Words   |  6 Pagesthese thousands of years, the Pharaohs and their people were able to build structures of massive scale that rival the buildings built in the 21st century. The Egyptian Pyramids were not only massive, but they had extremely precise measurements that make them unfathomably impressive to anyone who understands the exactness of the pyramids. The accomplishment to be a nation that lasted that long while having societal ingenuity is yet to be seen by another. There were key aspects and advances that the EgyptiansRead MoreOrganizational Change And Development Has A Large Impact On The Success Of An Organization1484 Words   |  6 Pagesimpact on the success of an organizat ion. â€Å"As modern organizations pursue changes to enhance their competitive positions and their survivability in competitive markets, the successful implementation of organizational change has become an important management task† (Chou, 2014, p. 49). The success of a change initiative in an organization is affected by several variables, however, there are three that might be considered paramount; communication, leadership, and culture. Leadership must be cognizantRead MoreDr. Ricketson : Rethinking Leading For Organizational Physical Structure1149 Words   |  5 PagesApril stated, according to Dr. Ricketson, everything does not rise and fall on leadership. However, April continued, Ricketson did proved his point with regard to organizational physical structure, there is still skepticism on her part, in regards to whether this is comparable and or transferrable to the living organism of the church. It is this reader’s observation that the illustration, given by Ric ketson was clear to understand according to its purpose. It allowed one to notice how there is noRead MoreThe Human Resource Management Procedures1467 Words   |  6 Pageswill discuss the organisational culture and structure, the human resource management procedures, the leadership styles and motivation techniques used within the department. First section will highlight the values, strategy, administration and academic structure. The next section will focus on the human resource management processes. The third part will explore the department’s type of leadership and motivation theory. IA was created in 1980 and was called English language teaching centre. It was

Productivity and Cost Competitiveness System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Productivity and Cost Competitiveness System. Answer: Introduction The Airlines Industry is the most complex as well as a flourishing industry. It involves capital requirement for the aircraft, monitoring of government regulations, competitiveness from other transportation, state policy and restrictions and higher level of experts in order to manage and operate. In modern days, the industry is facing competitive pressures due to increasing globalization, heavy maintenance and repair costs, labor costs and others (Adler Gellman, 2012). The report throws light on the increasing competitive pressures in the Australias Airline Industry. The airlines industry of Australia has an age old history and presently the country has a huge number of operating airlines across the world. The report highlights the competitive pressures of the industry in Australia. In addition to this, it includes the management accounting information and strategic analysis for a hypothetical medium sized airline, in order to be competitive in the existing industry. The Airlines industry is one of the booming and fastest growing industries, which offers their customers with exciting as well as lucrative services. Customers always look forward to those airlines which pay proper attention to their demands. They prefer Airlines which gives more and more offers and discounts. Their tastes and choices may change over time. Their preference depends on the magnitude of the services provided by the Airlines group. They may prefer travelling with the ones, who provide them with more services, offers and entertainment. The following section of the report discusses about the management procedures regarding the competitiveness of a medium size airline in Australia (Bamber et al., 2013). Market analysis A target market or group is referred to a group of individuals having similar needs or characteristics that the company has targeted to achieve. According to any Airlines Industry, their target customers are those who travel frequently or aspire to be an adept in travelling and who can easily adapt to the unknown and unfamiliar situation. Identification of the target market helps any airlines company to develop efficient marketing communication strategies (Borenstein Rose, 2014). In order to gain the competitive advantage among the competitors, the Airlines companies has started adopting differentiation generic strategies by contributing to the top class quality services. These initiatives are taken to be the best in the airlines industry and create a differentiating margin from the competitors. For instance, Emirates was the first to introduce TV screen for all classes in their flights. They have also used modern equipment, plane simulator for providing training courses. The purpose behind making such changes is to lead the industry and thus increasing national and international awareness which further leads to increase in demand and profit (Bush Starkie, 2014). Customer satisfaction plays a major role in any industry. In an airlines industry, passengers look forward to a comfortable and safe journey with the company. Disabled passengers need proper assistance from the Flight Attendants. They may require a stretcher or an incubator and medical attention during their travel. The Flight Attendants are required to attend the patients with proper care and medical needs. Disabled passengers may also require wheelchair services. They look forward to those who take care of their demands, offering them lucrative discounts and services (Button, 2017). The key success factors of any airlines company is the modern and latest services they offer, like big and comfortable seats, modern e-ticketing system and advanced technology aircrafts. All the factors distinguish the company from its competitors as well as it helps in attracting new customers. Moreover, a strong brand name and value helps in maintaining a good image and loyalty in front of the customers (Oum Yu, 2012). Strong brand recognition cannot be attained easily; it requires proper management and marketing. This is very important for the companys future growth and progress. In the Airlines industry, enhancing strong alliances between various companies is considered as a major trend. Through this trend, other companies share their own resources, via strong network which helps in reducing the operational costs. Furthermore, strong bonds with the suppliers are also compulsory for long-term agreements (Eaton, 2017). Management Agenda Each and every company has a specific cultural frame and successfully leading the cultural structure proves highly beneficial for the companys progress. The Airlines companies must encourage a culturally diverse group of employees, customers and staffs. They should also serve the customers happily, those who belong to different ethnicity or culture. Managing culturally diversified customers is a fundamental element for any business, as they play a very crucial role in the businesss growth and competitive approach (Button, 2017). Moreover, effective communication is the key element for a companys success. The leaders of any airlines company must encourage their employees or staff members to communicate openly, in order to avoid any miscommunication. It is important to understand the demands and desires of their customers and moreover, listens to their employees suggestions. This helps them provide the customers with superior services, which is beneficial for the company (Williams, 2017). Effective leadership process plays a very crucial role in the success of the airlines company in this competitive market. The leaders of an organization must organize, direct and control its employees and resources with morality and provide them with a great working environment. The airlines company must give equal amount of importance to the non monetary factors, like balancing professional as well as personal life, better opportunities of growth, good leadership and a friendly environment of work and training (Bamber et al., 2013). The companys guiding principles and culture have a significant impact on the organizations Human Resource practices and policies which include planning of manpower, selection and recruitment, training as well as development, welfare initiatives and others which makes the business an attractive one (Bush Starkie, 2014). Conclusion To conclude, in this fast and competitive market of Airlines, it is very difficult to stand in a well known position. Companies must take of its effectiveness in the leadership policies and management. Providing the customers with superior services is very important in order to differentiate from other airlines companies. Moreover, airlines companies must encourage diversity at the workplace, which helps in the progress in a huge way. In order to provide the customers with premium services, the Airlines must recruit superior, experienced and talented people from various countries and ethnic groups across the world. The leadership also provides new and innovative ideas and strategies which are actually beneficial for the companys growth and progress. It also helps the company to upgrade and improve their services for their customers. The employees must be offered with professional training, which encourages and motivates them. However, it is being expected that effective implementatio n of these strategies can help the Airlines Company in being competitive in the industry. References Adler, N., Gellman, A. (2012). Strategies for managing risk in a changing aviation environment.Journal of air transport management,21, 24-35. Bamber, G. J., Gittell, J. H., Kochan, T. A., Von Nordenflycht, A. (2013).Up in the air: How airlines can improve performance by engaging their employees. Cornell University Press. Borenstein, S., Rose, N. L. (2014). How airline markets work or do they? Regulatory reform in the airline industry. InEconomic Regulation and Its Reform: What Have We Learned?(pp. 63-135). University of Chicago Press. Bush, H., Starkie, D. (2014). Competitive drivers towards improved airport/airline relationships.Journal of Air Transport Management,41, 45-49. Button, K. (Ed.). (2017).Airline deregulation: international experiences(Vol. 1). Routledge. Eaton, J. (2017).Globalization and human resource management in the airline industry. Routledge. Oum, T. H., Yu, C. (2012).Winning airlines: Productivity and cost competitiveness of the worlds major airlines. Springer Science Business Media. Williams, G. (2017).The airline industry and the impact of deregulation. Routledge.

The Golden Bough Review Essay Example

The Golden Bough Review Paper Essay on The Golden Bough The impressive scale of the work done by the author of the work, I certainly difficult, or rather impossible to do, objectively evaluate, but a collection of customs, traditions certainly striking, if only by the fact that hardly fit in the head. And quite strictly and skillfully all chosen as general as possible in such a shaky substance as the development of human errors. Logical constructions often of course quite fragile and unreliable, not least because, as itself the source material is as follows. But still probably not lost much meaning and value so far. Especially because some things in general are fairly obvious, say borrowing Religious practices of the pagan, magic rituals, their gradual smoothing. Even such a simple analogy, as the winter solstice Christmas still do not come to mind, if you do not think about it. Also interesting are the explanations of magical rites and therefore their future rebirth. Much sinks in the head constant mention that this is such a ritual exi sted out there somewhere until the early 19th century, or to the middle of the 18th century, as if thats New Era took and licked all the generation of antiquity, perhaps the matter is that urbanization, mechanization or something else? another Frazer have suggested that if all this energy following the ceremonies, all sacrificed and so on, send a useful direction, look to mankind stepped much faster, thats just the question is where it would ushagalo? Perhaps, without such a long period of wandering in the dark, and it would be impossible to develop a modern science? And how can you compare all who know him, and suddenly primitive people were happier and with his clear, though strangely magical world for the modern man? Moreover, that modern myths are often much more frightening and dangerous, even if massive expansion of its influence, do not forget about these things We will write a custom essay sample on The Golden Bough Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Golden Bough Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Golden Bough Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The author often if something does not finish, omits any conclusions, details, so downright felt upon him the hand of the censor, but all the same for every religion of the world comes a picture is not the most complacent, because too is the nature of their external components intertwined with ancient customs. Here only there is still the impression that often Frazer himself suffers from errors of ancient savages, adjusting the facts under the hypothesis that these jumps that here in Rome was like this, but in Mexico, in principle, is similar, although not quite the same, but it can be concluded, that means in Rome at the same time meant the same thing as in Mexico, somehow at once evoke a sense of protest it was too all not strictly. So of course right to take all that is written does not follow, but one must wonder if desired and possible. What is in our minds, habits, occupations necessary and important for ourselves, and that brought from outside, often from far-distant times? ..

DIETS DONT WORK FOR SOME essays

DIETS DON'T WORK FOR SOME essays Obesity and the resulting medical problems have become an overwhelming American condition, and it seems to be getting worse every day. One Newsweek writer notes, "While searching endlessly for just the right diet, we're consuming ever more calories, growing ever more obese, and suffering obscene rates of diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease as a result" (Cowly, 2003, p. 46). Many experts believe all it takes is a "little more willpower" for most Americans to triumph over obesity and ill health, but it takes more than a little willpower for most people to stick to a healthy diet. This is why I chose stomach stapling as an alternative to dieting, because for a majority of overweight Americans, including me, Americans love of good food is enhanced by the constant bombardment of food advertising on television, the radio, and even the Internet. Did you ever notice when you are on a diet, every ad seems to be extolling the virtues of fast food burgers and quick fix weekday dinners' As one writer noted, "Our love of certain foods often takes root during childhood, long before we know or care about their nutritional value" (Miller, 2003, p. 70), and this love is often triggered by visual and/or mental stimulation from television ads, memories, and even aromas from the corner delicatessen. Our culture revolves around food, and if you can put it away and not pack on the pounds you are a hero, while if you cannot, you are lacking in willpower and self-control. That is simply not the case for some people, who carry their genetic makeup for the world to see, on their hips, thighs, and love handles. For some people, losing weight does not take a "little willpower," it takes a massive amount of effort and determination, and many fail, which is one reason there are so many obese people in the country, and diet gurus are still raking in thousands of ...

Why All Children Should Play Team Sports Research Paper

Why All Children Should Play Team Sports - Research Paper Example One of the benefits that are commonly attributed to team sports is that such sporting activities teach children how they can best work well with others. As long as they are on a team, team sports teach children that it is imperative for them to think as a whole instead of just themselves as individuals (Dunlap, 24). They are able to learn how to be happy or their teammates’ successes in addition to their own; this is because every person’s success is of great benefit to the team. A team sport can teach children how to interact with their peers and instills in them the value of respecting their coaches and fellow teammates. They are also able to learn empathy for others. Playing team sports is an avenue through which children can be able to learn from a number of other positive mentors other than their parents. While on a team, children are able to learn how to respect the coach and honor his final decision. By noticing the various strengths that each individual player i s able to bring to the team, children are able to learn how to respect and appreciate each other’s talents. This sense of teamwork, organization and following skilled leaders not only helps children in the classroom but also in their work as they continue to grow. Another benefit that children stand to benefit from as a result of participating in team sporting activities is that even though their athletic prowess might not be quite impressive, children that participate in team sporting activities are often more likely to be hardworking, active students and better future leaders. This is because organized athletics often require that these children learn how to lead others and be disciplined during practice.

Work in the Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Work in the Community - Essay Example The roles which one has, beliefs that are carried by various groups and the expectations and definitions one has within their personal life all add into the boundaries that are created. The social groups are defined specifically by the thought processes that individuals relate to. However, these social groups then have difficulty in building a presence within other arenas while having a consistent set of boundaries with community building that has opposing ideals or beliefs within the community. Politicized Roles Political roles carry several dimensions of behaviours that alter the way in which one integrates or separates into the community. This comes from the basis of opposition or acceptance of the governmental policies which are intertwined within a community. Social groups which support a specific understanding and passion toward a political role will often form into a belief and value system, while other social groups that oppose this will create boundaries that are based on th e political roles. This is what forms the acceptance or rejection of specific policies, actions and the formation of social groups in the community. The boundaries lead to limitations that are within social groups for interaction and integration that are a part of the community. As policies are created, individuals will divide or change their outlook within the community. ... The political roles then become based on lifestyle which one has and the way that this is linked to the political agenda which is currently in practice(Elwood, 2006). Currently, the political agenda has noted the several divisions in social groups and in response has created the Community Cohesion Unit, which is based on communities learning how to embrace different social groups and to create changes at a local level. The particular policies and initiatives that are being established come specifically from surveys in local communities throughout Europe. These surveys have noted that residential segregation is common, specifically with a division of populations by income level, social establishments and work requirements which the individuals had. These boundaries have then created policies and new agendas within politics with the noticed boundaries (Robinson, 2005). While the policies are created, those who are associated with different political groups or which have a set of belief s around their lifestyle will create more divisions within groups based on experience and understanding. Community Activism A second area where boundaries are created within the community comes from the activism that is placed among various social groups. There are communities and social groups that have specific beliefs and an understanding of how much engagement one should have within the community and with specific activities. The activism which is noted is based specifically on the fluidity of the community. This means that each social group creates a sense of movement that goes within and out of the foundational structure of a community. The diversity and the number of people populated in the area then build a sense of activism and structure that is within the community. If

Cross Cultural Issues Essay Example for Free

Cross Cultural Issues Essay With hot topics like globalization and cross-cultural opportunities in the Asia Pacific rim, one might think it would be easy to research the implications of cross cultural issues. Rather, what the writer found was a significant discussion all around the periphery but little in-depth analysis. Discussion prevailed on the socio-economic and technological ramifications. Others resources focused on the language issues but little work was intuitively available on the subtleties of cross cultural issues one may encounter. Based on experience working in the Asia Pacific rim for two years as a PMO Manager, and training PM’s in many European countries, I decided that understanding international socio-cultural issues encountered in business is essentially at the heart of the issues companies will encounter in globalizing operations. Therefore, the writer will approach the crosscultural issues from a personalized understanding based on his many months of first hand mistakes in understanding cultural issues encountered in Asia Pacific. I will base my observations of cross-cultural issues on my experiences in working most closely with individuals from China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan, and India. Naturally there are more countries in the Pacific Rim but these mentioned provided the most opportunity for interaction. I want to also acknowledge the contributions of my wife, Helena Shiu Leung Chow Ballow, whom I initially met in Asia. Her wisdom, coaching, and meaningful insights on the many differences between Western and Eastern business and cultural practices were, and remain till this day, illuminating, helpful and daunting. Introduction Clearly we all understand to some degree the impact of cultural issues in communications. If nothing else, we have encountered situations where language was the barrier. But language may be the smallest of the issues when dealing with other cultures. Even when we pull out our Translation Guides or employ translators we may get pass some of the language difficulties. But from the writer’s experience, language is the least of the issues. Ingrained and systemic patterns of cultural behaviours can be so subtle as to completely deny meaningful communications. I found a really good example of just how easily cultural variances can cause communications problems. In this case the issues was â€Å"psychological filtering† of appearance or gesture. I would think is would also be easy for the reader to extrapolate this example into some experiences that may have encountered even in the West. Timofeev (2002), in an article in National Concepts and Globalization, provided the following example: â€Å"The idea or rather the hypothesis that underlies this paper was stimulated by a trivial chat with a friend of mine. Being a linguist by trade, Russian by origin and living in Finland, she is well aware of cross-cultural discrepancies and provided me with a curious example. It was a TV commercial of an international brand of Persil washing powder. Two young ladies were shown sitting in a crowded place, some restaurant or a cafe. One of the ladies notices quite a peculiar manner her friend has chosen to wear her wristwatch. It was placed above the cuff of her blouse. It turned out in a second that the only reason for placing her watch there was to cover some stain that regular detergents failed to deal with. Oh dear, you should use Persil instead! So everything was straight and simple. But before that, when the attentive and thoughtful lady was describing her version of her friends peculiar manner of wearing her watch in Finnish (and I guess that the German, French and English versions were quite similar to that in Finnish), she said: You are such a busy person. You have to wear your watch so that it can always be seen. While in Russian the same lady made quite a different guess: Your watch must be terribly expensive since you wear it so that everyone can notice it. The Russian version, when translated into English, seems to be full of irony; it describes the ladys manner as showing off. It would definitely undermine the main purpose of the ad, which was to provide a friend and those watching the commercial with thoughtful advice about using detergents. (p. 1)† To understand the issues we must start with a framework definition of culture. There are just too many definitions of culture, and even speaking the same language, we might get off tract pretty quickly. So, the writer did some research and decided on the following foundational definition of culture upon which to proceed. This is summarized by Kim (1999): â€Å"As the author himself confesses that there are 160 different definitions of the term culture and picks up the definition of scholar Clyde Kluckhohn. According to him, Culture consists of patterned ways of thinking, feeling and reacting, acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiment in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (i. e. historically derived and selected) ideas and attached values. continued  © 2004, 2005 Dennis G. Ballow, Sr. , PMKT, Inc. , All Rights Reserved Globalization and Cross-Cultural Issues in Project Management, page 2 Another scholar, Triandis, presents a psychological perspective to the description. Culture is a subjective perception of the human made part of the environment. And this includes the categorization of social stimuli, associations, beliefs, attitudes, roles, and values individuals share. Culture thus is a melting pot consisting of many things gathered over a period of time in which religion and language play a great role. (p. 228)† Now, with a definition of culture in hand, and a real life example to back up the idea, we will look at some relatively common cultural issues that impact communication, and thus, also have implications for Western corporations working in the Asia Pacific Rim. Cross-Cultural Issues and Implications I will present the materials in a table format such that it may be easier to digest. A simple summary provided by Bhagat et al (2002 provides a good stepping-stone for analysis of the cross-cultural issues: Cross-border transfer of organizational knowledge is most effective in terms of both velocity and viscosity when the type of knowledge (i. . , human, social, or structured) being transferred is simple, explicit, and independent and when such transfers involve similar cultural contexts. In contrast, transfer is least effective when the type of knowledge being transferred is complex, tacit, and systemic and involves dissimilar cultural contexts. (p. 204) Table 1: Cross-cultural Implications – Asian (China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan) and the West Cross-culture Dimension Language Implications Asian Perspective Not that complicated to the Asian. Foreigners should have more respect and learn the language. American Perspective English is the international business language so everyone should use it. Implications It is generally good practice to â€Å"localize† materials when feasible. Local words and expressions sometime just do not properly translate for English and may actually be offensive. A focus on team activities and collaboration vs. individual competitive activities is preferred. Individualism vs. Collectivism Strong Collectivism The Asians depend more on groups or institutions to determine what they should do and emphasize loyalty to the group. They are more likely to cooperate with others to avoid risks and reduce responsibilities. Their value systems appreciate duty to the group and harmony among its members while pursuing personal goals is viewed rather negatively in Asia. The Asian person does not consider contracts as seriously as the Americans. They think there will always be changes and the contracts can be reasonably modified according to changes. Instead, they tend to pay more attention to relationships than contracts. Strong Individualism They rely on their own view to determine what they should do. They tend to work alone and are reluctant to cooperate because their individualism and masculine culture view cooperation in general as a sign of weakness and place a high value on independence and control. Americans place greater importance on contractual safeguards than the Asian. They believe that contracts can ensure that their partners tendencies to focus on individual goals and aspirations do not interfere with their own individual goals and aspirations. Cooperation Nothing is cast in stone for the Asians. Authority is seldom, if ever, challenged. But when encouraged and trust is gained by the instructor, students will interact better, and challenge each other in a negotiative manner as not to create a †save face† problem. This takes much longer that you will ever plan – so take time to let the process work itself through. Asian employees seldom have the chance to really participate in the decision-making process. So activities requiring decisions may well take longer. continued

Dianne Williams Stepps The Filbert Orchard portrays a uniquely Essays

Dianne Williams Stepp's The Filbert Orchard portrays a uniquely haunting experience. Dianne Williams Stepp's "The Filbert Orchard" portrays a uniquely haunting experience. The poem blaintly attempts to draw the reader in through its critical lense and perspective. Stepp's usage of many carefully connected literary devices creates a distinctive tone, effect, and message that exposes the tragedy behind southern ideology and values during the civil war. The success of "The Filbert Orchard" can then be traced to its tight construction and use of historical references portrayed through literary detail. Stepp's choice of both imagery and metaphor comprise the poems strength in terms of its overall effect and message. Stepp utilizes imagery as a means of developing her message about southern ideology. This can be seen at various points in the poem where emotions, sights, sounds, objects, places, and figures are all being used to demonstrate the purposely behind a lost generation. In that they are continuing to fight even though family and friends may be on either sides. The author is thus indirectly questioning the ethical and moral nature of the south portrayed through her obvious literary judgments: "the way they staggered in rows down the hill. In spring they sprouted sparse flags waved them foolishly at the jays." (Stepp, lines 4-7) In this example Stepp vividly uses the description of a tree for representation of the lost generations pride. Their pride in the sense of fighting a war that seems not worth fighting for both because of the scarcity of men and their inescapable death. Stepp also accomplishes her message through metaphorical comparisons, which aid in expressing the south's futility: "A compa... ... of a story. The ending changes that perspective and shifts the major themes of loss and disullisionment towards a more local individual level The close attention given to literary elements ultimately enables "The Filbert Orchard" to achieve an extreme level of insight into the southern identity and culture during the civil war. Through its exploration of southern values translated into a vivid storyline the reader is blown away by its short profound thematic integration. The poem is aided by its progressive literal development from appealing to the general society to the localized individual. The journey becomes compounded with introspection because of its ornate literary devices. PS MS KASTE: Did you choose this poem because of your interest in Faulkner and its relatable themes? What is your connection or fascination with literature about the south?

Education in Pakistan Essay

Education in Pakistan is overseen by the government’s Ministry of Education and the provincial governments, whereas the federal government mostly assists in curriculum development, accreditation and in the financing of research. The article 25-A of Constitution of Pakistan obligates the state to provide free and compulsory quality education to children of the age group 5 to 16 years. â€Å"The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such a manner as may be determined by law†. [3] The education system in Pakistan is generally divided into five levels: primary (grades one through five); middle (grades six through eight); high(grades nine and ten, leading to the Secondary School Certificate or SSC); intermediate (grades eleven and twelve, leading to a Higher Secondary (School) Certificate or HSC); and university programs leading to undergraduate and graduate degrees. [4] The literacy rate ranges from 87% in Islamabad to 20% in the Kohlu District. [5] Between 2000—2004, Pakistanis in the age group 55–64 had a literacy rate of almost 30%, those aged between 45–54 had a literacy rate of nearly 40%, those between 25–34 had a literacy rate of 50%, and those aged 15–24 had a literacy rate of 60%. [6] Literacy rates vary regionally, particularly by sex. In tribal areas female literacy is 7. 5%. [7]Moreover, English is fast spreading in Pakistan, with 18 million Pakistanis[8] (11% of the population)[8] having a command over the English language, which makes it the 9th Largest English Speaking Nation[9] in the world and the 3rd largest in Asia. [8] On top of that, Pakistan produces about 445,000 university graduates and 10,000 computer science graduates per year. [10] Despite these statistics, Pakistan still has one of the highest illiteracy rates in the world. [11] Education Expenditure as Percentage of GDP Public expenditure on education lies on the fringes of 2 percent of GDP. However, the government recently approved the new national education policy, which stipulates that education expenditure will be increased to 7% of GDP,[22] an idea that was first suggested by the Punjab government. [23] Author of an article, which reviews the history of education spending in Pakistan since 1972, argues that this policy target raises a fundamental question: What extraordinary things are going to happen that would enable Pakistan to achieve within six years what it has been unable to lay a hand on in the past six decades? The policy document is blank on this question and does not discuss the assumptions that form the basis of this target. Calculations of the author show that during the past 37 years, the highest public expenditure on education was 2. 80 percent of GDP in 1987-88. Public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP was actually reduced in 16 years and maintained in 5 years between 1972–73 and 2008-09. Thus, out of total 37 years since 1972, public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP either decreased or remained stagnant for 21 years. The author argues if linear trend were maintained since 1972, Pakistan could have touched 4 percent of GDP well before 2015. However, it is unlikely to happen because the levels of spending have had remained significantly unpredictable and unsteady in the past. Given this disappointing trajectory, increasing public expenditure on education to 7 percent of GDP would be nothing less than a miracle but it is not going to be of godly nature. Instead, it is going to be the one of political nature because it has to be â€Å"invented† by those who are at the helm of affairs. The author suggests that little success can be made unless Pakistan adopts an â€Å"unconventional† approach to education. That is to say, education sector should be treated as a special sector by immunizing budgetary allocations for it from fiscal stresses and political and economic instabilities. Allocations for education should not be affected by squeezed fiscal space or surge in military expenditure or debts. At the same time, there is a need to debate others options about how Pakistan can â€Å"invent† the miracle of raising education expenditure to 7 percent of GDP by 2015. [24]

How Faith in God Came to Be - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2706 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/03/22 Category Religion Essay Level High school Tags: Faith Essay Did you like this example? A King named Dashrat ruled, north of the Ganges River, in the city of Ayodhya. He was astute and robust, but still childless. The gods in heaven were greatly agitated by Ravan, the demon King of Lanka. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Faith in God Came to Be?" essay for you Create order The King turned to Vishnu for aid. King Dasharatha begs to Vishnu, â€Å"Please my lord we need you to incarnate in order to defeat Ravana.† Lord Vishnu knowing the trouble that Ravan has caused, agreed, â€Å"I shall incarnate as one of your sons† Lord Vishnu is the third god to be created in Hinduism and is depicted as having dark blue skin and having four arms. King Dasharatha’s three wives bore four boys: Bharat, Lakshman, Shatrughn, and Ram (in whom Vishnu had incarnated himself). Ram the eldest, of the four princes, was his father’s favorite. Lakshman, since he was a child, was keenly dedicated to his elder brother. He was Ram’s second hand and accomplished all his desires even before they were told. They were trained in all the special arts, as the four princes grew up, and Ram excelled at everything. Janak, one of the king’s advisors, the father of beautiful Sita, was thinking of whom Sita should marry. Janak had announced, â€Å"May the mightiest warrior who can lift this bow can marry my daughter Sita.† (RamRam) Several princes and warriors had tried, almost inconceivably capable to even move it, but when Ram’s chance arrived, his constricted grip snapped the bow in two. Strikingly astonished he gave him his consent to marry his daughter. Dasharath was mind blown, and so the marriage of Ram and Sita was lavishly celebrated. (RamRam) And so Ram lived blissfully with his beloved wife Sita in Ayodhya. Dasharath sensed old age inevitable, so he decided with his advisors to appoint his prized son Ram as King of Ayodhya. (RamRam) When the crippled Queen Kaikeyi had heard of this, she thought to make her own son Bharat to the throne, in place of Ram. The king had gifted her two wishes in the past, when she saved his life, which she had not used yet. Kaikeyi selfishly requests, â€Å" I want Ram banished for seven years and appoint my son Bharat as the King of Ayodhya.† The King was tortured by grief and regret, but when Rama found out, he fragrantly accepted his banishment, so that his father won’t be seen as dishonest and cowardly. (RamaRama) In sorrows, his mother and Lakshman tried to talk him out of it, but he insisted, â€Å"It’s my highest duty to help my father to keep his word.† He informed Sita of his decision, telling her, â€Å"I need you to be kind to Bharat, to live piously and chastely in Ayodhya, and to serve his father and his mothers obediently.† (RamRam) But Sita answered him in an ardent speech on the duties of a woman, enforcing that, â€Å"As a wife, nothing could prevent me from following my husband into exile in the wilderness.† And so, stripped of all the royalty, clothed only in orange silk, the three went off into the wilderness while all of Ayodhya mourned. (RamRam) Bharat the new king, vigorously refuses, that the throne belongs by law to Ram. He vowed that he will stay outside the kingdom stripped of royalty and will rule living in a hut outside the kingdom. Bharat is so devoted to Ram he will live in exile until Ram returns to his righteous position. (RamRam) Meanwhile, Ram, camping in the Chitrakuta hills, is just describing, the beauties of the landscape to Sita. Lakshman spots King Bharat drawing near climbing down from the hill. He throws himself at Ram’s feet and the brothers greet each other. (RamRam) Now Bharat, with tears streaming down his face, reports to Ram the death of his father, and begs him, â€Å" We need you to return and begin your dynasty.† Ram sorely says, â€Å"I could not return to Ayodhya; but that which my father had commanded, I will never depart from my decision to spend seven years in exile.† (RamRam) Ram embraces his weeping brother with an eloquent speech on the inevitability of death, which makes every weep seem unnecessary. (RamRam) Ram gives him his sandals as a symbo l of sovereignty, and Bharat returns to Ayodhya, where Rama’s sandals are solemnly placed on the throne as the representatives of the king. (RamaRama) The exiles had been living in the Dandaka Forest for two years now and the forest hermits living there asked Ram for protection against the demons. Ram promises this protection, and from that time is incessantly engaged in battles against these monsters. The man-eating giant is the first to be killed. This hideous ogre falls in love with Ram and makes amorous proposals to him. Full of rage, she is about to swallow Sita, when Lakshman cuts off her ears and nose. She flees howling to her brother, marches against Rama with 1,000 demons. Ram slays them all with the help of Laksman. (RamRam) The ogre flees to Lanka, a fabulous land beyond the ocean, and incites her frightful brother Ravan to avenge her. At the same time, she describes to him the beauty of Sita in exquisite terms and incites him to gain possession of her and to make her his wife. Propelled by lust and anger, Ravan races off through the air in his golden chariot, across the ocean to where Sita lives. Though Mareecha is a demon, hes trying to live a virtuous life. Ravan threatens Mareech, and Mareech agrees to help abduct Sita. Mareech turns himself into a golden deer and walks near Rams residence. Sita sees the deer and asks Ram to capture it for her as a pet. Ram agrees an d goes to chase the deer, leaving Lakshman to guard Sita. Ram chases the deer for miles before he realizes its a trap. He shoots the deer, but with his dying breath, Mareech impersonates Rama and cries for help from Sita and Lakshana. Sita hears the cry and convinces Lakshman to go help Ram. When Lakshman is gone, Ravan disguises himself as a Brahmin and approaches Sita. Eventually, Ravan is unable to maintain his disguise, and he transforms into his demonic form. Sita cries for help, but Ravan flies away with his golden chariot and carries Sita away. Jatayu, the wise raven, attempts to save Sita, but Ravan chops off his wing. (RamRam) Ram and Lakshman find Jatayu and he relates to them what happened, but dies before he can tell them where Ravan was going with Sita. And the sun itself grew pale, its radiance dimmed, at the sight of Sita being carried away as if lamenting: â€Å"There is no more justice, no truth, no righteousness, no innocence if Ravan steals Sita, the wife of Ram.† (RamRam) But Ravan carried her off across the ocean to Lanka, where he shut her in his harem. Then he conducts her round his palace, shows her all its splendors and describes to her the immeasurable riches and marvels over which the rules. With coaxing words he tried to persuade her to become his wife. But Sita answered indignantly that she would never break faith with Ram by allowing him to embrace her. Enraged, Ravan warned that, if she does not yield herself to him within twelve months, he would enjoy her in another fashion: he would have her cut in pieces by his cooks and he would eat her for breakfast. Then he imprisoned her in a grotto and left her under the strict guard of the ogresses. (RamRam) Meanwhile, Ram and Lakshman returned to find their hut empty. In vain they seek Sita in the forest. In horror, Ram raises a bitter lament, searching vainly in the forest for Sita. He questions the trees, the rivers, the hills, and the animals, but none can give him news of Sita. At last, they find the flowers and ornaments that fell from Sita as she passed; then they come upon the ruins of Ravan’s chariot, his weapons, and the signs of a struggle. Rama fears that Sita has been killed, and in his delirium, he declares his intention of destroying the whole world: He will fill the air with his arrows, stay the wind in its course, annihilate the sun’s rays and envelop the earth in darkness, hurl down the summits of the mountains, dry up the lakes, destroy the ocean, uproot the trees, even destroy the gods themselves if they do not give him back his Sita. At last, Lakshman is able to calm his raving and to continue the search. (RamRam) He hears the lightning rumble to seek help from Sugriv, the monkey. Through their travailing journey through the spring forests, they find Sugriv’s Kingdom. Sugriv is consecrated as king. Among the counselors of Sugriv, Hanuman, the son of the wind-god, and the wisest. Sugriv has the greatest confidence in him and commissions him to find Sita. Accompanied by a army of monkeys, the resourceful Hanuman sets out toward the south. (RamRam) After many adventures, they meet Sampati, a brother of the vulture Jatayus, who tells them, â€Å"I had flown in a race with my brother, and had scorched my wings.† Since then, â€Å"I had been lying helpless in the Vindhya hills, but I have seen Ravan carrying Sita away to Lanka.† He described to them where the Lanka was located, and the monkeys set out for the coast. But when they saw the limitless, billowing sea before them, they despaired of getting across it. (RamRam) After much discussion, it is decided that no one can jump so far as Hanuman can. He then climbs to the top of Mount Mahendra and prepares to leap across the ocean. With a mighty leap, which caused Mahendra Hill to tremble in its depths and terrified all the creatures living on its slopes, the monkey Hanuman rose into the air and flew across the ocean. After a flight of four days, he finally reached Lanka. Fro m a hill, he surveyed the town, which seemed to him impenetrable. He made himself as small as a mouse, and after sunset, crept into the town. He examined the whole city, the palace of Ravan, on which the demon-king used to glide through the air. He also penetrated into Ravan’s harem, where he saw the king reposing in the midst of his beautiful women. After a long search, he, at last, found Sita, wasted by grief, in a tree grove. He makes himself known as a friend and messenger of Ram. (RamRam) She warned him that, â€Å"Ravan has threatened to devour her after two months, and that she will die if Ram does not rescue her before then.† Hanuman assures her that Ram will certainly save her. Then he returns to the hill, flies back across the ocean and recounts everything to the monkeys awaiting him there. Finally, he returns to Ram, bringing him the news and a message from his beloved. Ram praises Hanuman for his success and embraces him, but he despairs of getting across the ocean. Sugriv suggests constructing a bridge to Lanka. Hanuman gives an exact description of Ravan’s palace and its fortification and declares that the best of the monkey-warriors would be able to take it. So Ram commands that the army shall be prepared for the march, and soon the vast army sets out southwards towards the coast. When the news of the approaching army of monkeys had reached Lanka, Ravan summoned his counselors, all great and powerful demons, to a council. Now while all the other relatives and counselors urged Ravan in boasting speeches to fight, Vibhishan, Ravan’s brother, points to unfavorable omens and advises him to return Sita. Ravan is much enraged at this, and accuses him of envy and ill-will; relatives, he says, â€Å"Are always the worst enemies of a king, and hero.† Feeling deeply offended by his brother, Vibhishan renounces him, flies across the ocean with four other demons and allies himself with Ram. On the advice of Vibhishan, Rama appeals to the Ocean-god himself to aid him in crossing th e sea. The latter calls the monkey Nala, the son of the divine master builder Vishvakarman, and instructs him to bridge the ocean. At Ram’s command, the monkeys bring rocks and trees. In a few days, a bridge is built over the ocean, and the whole of the great army passes over to Lanka. Now Ravan’s town is surrounded by the army of monkeys. Ravan gives the command for a general sortie. A battle takes place, also many cases of single combat between the chief heroes of the two fighting armies. Lakshman, Hanuman, and the bear-king Jambavan are the most prominent fellow combatants of Ram. While on Ravan’s side, his son Indrajit is the most conspicuous. The latter is versed in all magic arts and knows how to make himself invisible at moment. The battle horn blows and the war begins. Indrajit inflicts dangerous wounds on Ram and Lakshman. But in the night, on the advice of the bear-king Jambavan, the monkey Hanuman flies to Mount Kailasa, in order to fetch four particularly po werful healing herbs. As these herbs are concealed, the monkey simply takes the whole mountain-peak with him and carries it to the battle-field, where, through the fragrance of the healing herbs, Ram, Lakshman and all the wounded are immediately healed. Then Hanuman puts the mountain back into its place. On another occasion, Indrajit, versed in magic, comes out of the city carrying, on his war-chariot a magically produced image of Sita, which he ill-treats and beheads before the eyes of Hanuman, Lakshman, and the monkeys. Horrified, Hanuman reports to Rama that Sita is killed; Rama falls into a swoon. Lakshman breaks into lamentations and utters a blasphemous speech with bitter complaints against a fate that has no regard to virtue but be is soon enlightened by Vibhishan that the whole affair is only a delusion produced by Indrajit. Finally, Indrajit is killed by Lakshmana after a violent duel. Furious at the death of his son, Ravan himself now appears on the field of battle. A dreadful duel between Ram a nd Ravan takes place, continuing day and night. The gods themselves come to Ram’s aid, especially Indra with his chariot and his projectiles strikes aggressively. But every time Rama strikes off one of Ravana’s heads, a new head grows again. At last, Vibishan tells him Ravan’s weak spot, he succeeds in piercing Ravana’s belly button with a weapon created by the god Brahma himself. There is great rejoicing in the army of the monkeys, and wild flight of the demons. Vibhishana is installed as King of the Lanka by Rama. Only now does Rama send for Sita, and proclaim to her the joyous news of the victory — but then, in the presence of all the monkeys and gods, he rejects her. He doubts that Sita had grown over the years to love Ravan. Then Sita raises a bitter complaint against Ram’s unjust suspicions and asks Lakshman to erect a pyre: for now nothing remained for her but to enter the fire. Ram gives his consent, the pyre is erected and lighted, and Sita, invoking Agni, the fire god, as a witne ss of her innocence, rushes into the flames. Then Agni arises out of the burning pyre with the uninjured Sita and delivers her to Ram, assuring him, in a solemn speech, that she has always kept her faith with him, and even in the palace of the demons remained pure and innocent. Thereupon Ram declares that he himself had never had any doubts concerning Sita’s innocence, but that it was necessary to prove it before the eyes of the people. Now Ram and his people, accompanied by Hanuman and the monkeys, return to Ayodhya, where they are received with open arms by Bharat, Shatrughna, and the mothers. They enter amidst the rejoicing of the populace. Rama is consecrated as king and rules contently and for the welfare of his subject for many years.